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Cairo

Cairo is the capital of Egypt and one of the largest cities in Africa. It is a famous historical
location that attracts millions of tourists every year. Having a population of over 10 million
citizens, Cairo is indeed one of the world’s most densely populated cities.

Located on the banks of the Nile River, this metropolis is famous for its rich history, carefully preserved in its medieval Islamic surroundings. The city has stood on the same site for more than 1,000 years – in the country’s north. It acts as a gateway to the Nile delta – the point where the river separates into its two famous branches, Rosetta and Damietta.
We won’t be wrong to say that Cairo is a place of contrast. It is recognizable by its lush
vegetation and irrigated shoreline, blended together with the sky-high buildings representing the modern era. However, for those interested in discovering its century-long history, there are quite many things that are worth seeing.

Climate

Given the predominant climate of Egypt, it’s safe to assume that the weather in Cairo is particularly warm. In contrast to the cold days, you might be surprised that the nights can actually get quite cold when the temperatures drop to 41°F (5°C). There are four seasons – winter is actually pretty mild, but as we mentioned, some nights can get very cold; summers are incredibly hot and humid; Spring is quite windy but you can witness sand storms; and finally, Autumn is perfect – mild weather. Overall, Cairo has a very dry climate, receiving only a centimetre of rain annually. But because of its convenient riverside location, the summer months get quite humid. Speaking of the best time to visit this city, it is probably best to arrange your travel during winter, particularly in the months from December to February. This is the most popular time to go to Cairo, allowing you to avoid both the worst of heat and the desert sandstorms, which are frequent in March and April.

Facts about Cairo

  • The Greater Cairo Area is the biggest metropolitan area in Egypt and the largest urban area in the whole of Africa and the Middle East.

  • With approximately 19,376 people per square kilometer, the city is also one of the densest populated areas in the world.

  • Historic Cairo is protected by UNESCO, and it is named its World Heritage Site.

  • It is home to the largest ancient world statue – The Great Sphinx.

  • Cairo is home to the world’s largest food court.

Brief History

Cairo has an interesting history. It originates from the nearby settlements, formed about 2,000 B.C., Memphis being one of the most renowned ones – situated 20 km from Cairo. Its founder, King Menes, managed to unite upper and lower Egypt. In essence, its evolution started with the Pharaonic era, and lasted until 323 B.C. when Alexander the Great conquered the country. Briefly speaking, historians divide this era into three dynasties: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Modern Kingdom. During these times, the Pharaohs enjoyed the city in height, nurturing their luxurious lifestyle.

 

After the death of Cleopatra, perhaps the most famous Egyptian queen, Egypt fell under Roman rule. Ruled by a prefect, it became a Roman province under the emperor’s authority. Many products characteristic of the country, such as papyrus and grain, were sold all over the Roman Empire. This period affected both the architecture and culture of Egypt, which is still visible today.

 

Foundation of Cairo

 

Fast forward to the formation of the Fatimid dynasty, this is the period that directly influenced the evolution of Islamic Egypt. One of the most notable changes that happened during the Fatimid times was the growth and development of Egyptian commerce. During this time, the country enjoyed political stability and favourable trading conditions, which were brought about by several factors. But in essence, this was the time when Cairo was established as a city – in the 10th century, and became the capital of the Fatimid empire and all empires and kingdoms that came afterwards up until the modern day. Throughout its history Cairo  developed to become one of the most important cities in the islamic world. In addition, Cairo is home to  many famous landmarks, including the renowned Al-Azhar mosque. It is the religious centre that is considered the very heart of Cairo. What is more, it became a university – now still standing proud as one of the oldest in the world. In the following centuries, the city thrived, especially during the 12th, with the coming of the first sultan – Saladin. He was an important figure that revolutionised the infrastructure and built a plethora of important buildings.

 

Mamluk and Ottoman period

 

The Mamluk dynasty ruled over Egypt between 1250 and 1517, which marked the peak of Egypt’s power. This was when progress saw its height, and Cairo became the dominant city of the Islamic world. During the Mamluk period, there was immense war success and they promoted diplomacy regarding the economy. The Mamluks greatly supported every industry and crafts. Their aim was to put Egypt as the main trade & transit destination that would benefit from both the Orient and the Mediterranean. Thus Cairo became the link for the popular spice route that connected the East and the West. However, during the 16th century, under Ottoman rule, the city started to decline as Constantinople was the capital they invested in. Moreover, another low point for Cairo was the Black Death plague which ultimately depleted the population.

 

Modern time

 

The modernization of Egypt began in 1805, with the assembling of a new army and the suggestion for a new map of the country. It began with the rule of Mohamed Ali Pasha and saw the British conquest and several modern-time wars. All these historical points shaped Cairo, and the whole of Egypt, into the places they are today, with all of their beauty and grace, which awaits for you to explore.

Places to visit

Sutlan Hassan

The Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan is a monumental mosque and madrasa located in Salah al-Din Square in the historic district of Cairo, Egypt. It was built between 1356 and 1363 during the Bahri Mamluk period, commissioned by Sultan an-Nasir Hasan. The mosque was considered remarkable for its massive size and innovative architectural components, and is still considered one of the most impressive historic monuments in Cairo today.

Pyramids of Giza

This is the number one and most popular tourist spot for everyone traveling to the city of Cairo. Located on the edge of the metropolis, these temples continue to attract visitors to this day. The Pyramid of Cheops is the largest one of the group, which you can enter to explore its inside (although there’s not really much to see). Here, you’ll also find the famous Sphinx and marvel at its size and grace.

Egyptian Museum

If you want to explore stunning antiquities, head to the well-known Egyptian Museum. Here, you can explore more than 100,000 artifacts, making it the biggest museum collection in the world. It is also famous for the Royal Mummies Room, which has several real mummies.

Memphis and Sakkara

Just a bit south of Cairo, you’ll discover the Memphis Museum, which contains quite some things worth seeing. The place exhibits a limestone colossus of King Ramsis II, along with a giant alabaster sphinx. It also has remains of granite statues from the time of Ramses II and memorial tablets from later periods. Overall, it’s a great spot for all those keen on exploring history.

Old Cairo

If you’re searching for a place you cannot explore at once, the old part of the city is what you are looking for. There, you can see ancient churches and synagogues, and it is home to the infamous Hanging Church of Cairo- one of the largest and oldest churches in the country.

Khan El Khalili Bazar

You cannot say you’ve been to Cairo if you haven’t paid a visit to the Khan El Khalili Bazaar. Located in the Islamic part of the city, this used to be a major trading hub for merchants from the whole Middle East and Europe. Note that if you want to buy something, you’re expected to haggle with the seller to get the best possible price for the product.

Al Azhar Mosque

this is perhaps the most notable building from the Fatimid era and one of Cairo’s earliest surviving mosques. It was also named a university in late 988 CE and is still the leading Islamic theological center. Al-Azhar is conveniently located in the Islamic Cairo district, making it easy to reach.

Activities

Climb the Bab Zuwayla Minaret

To gaze upon the fascinating views of the city, you will need to climb the Bab Zuwayla Minaret. If you decide to go on this adventure, do it before 5 PM before they close their doors. Once you reach the top, you will be awarded spectacular views of the rustic and antique houses of the city.

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Ride on a felucca

You can sail down the Nile in a felucca, the name of a traditional Egyptian sailboat. This was the main means of transport ancient Egyptians used to travel and trade across the river. Sailing on a felucca during the daytime will allow you to see the Nile village life, while the night boat ride will allow you to sleep under the stars.

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Explore the cave churches of Moqattam

For this one, you will need to go to Moqattam, a hill nearby old Cairo. Since this isn’t an area overcrowded by tourists, it will be easy to explore the several cave churches, including the monastery of St. Simon the Tanner, the biggest of them all.

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Try local Food

You cannot experience a culture fully if you don’t try its traditional food. Plenty of restaurants and street spots prepare and serve delicious local recipes, so don’t forget to indulge in at least a few!

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Party at one of Cairo's many night clubs

No trip is complete without having some good party time. For this part, we recommend you visit one of Cairo's many clubs and bars. Cairo has a very vibrant nightlife. This is a great opportunity to explore the it and enjoy it fully.

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Travel Tips

Drink purified water- the pipe water in Egypt has high chlorine levels, so try to always have bottled water at hand.

And drink lots of it- because of the hot and humid climate, you must always keep yourself hydrated.

Keep your possessions safe- ensure that your documents and wallet are always kept in a safe place. It is best to always carry them with you, and don’t leave them in the hotel room.

Tip- tipping is common in this country, so it’s recommended that you tip at the bars and restaurants where you eat or drink.

Dress accordingly- lately, Egypt has become more conservative in terms of clothing, and women are advised to wear a Hijab or headscarf. Although this doesn’t apply to tourists, you should dress modestly – no clothes showing off your shoulders or legs above your knees.

Top Packages

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